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Always check for “https://” in the URL.
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Use the HTTPS Everywhere extension (built-in to Brave browser).
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Use a VPN on public Wi-Fi — e.g., ProtonVPN, NordVPN, or Mullvad.
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Avoid free VPNs unless they are reputable and open-source.
Never do banking or sensitive work on hotel or café Wi-Fi without a VPN.