The Somali clan system is a patrilineal kinship structure that organizes society, shapes identity and governs social, political, and economic interactions.
It’s a defining feature of Somali culture, rooted in centuries of pastoralist traditions.
Here’s an overview:
- Structure: Somalis trace descent through male lines, forming a hierarchical system of clans, sub-clans and lineages. The major clan families are:
- Darod
- Hawiye
- Dir
- Isaaq
- Rahanweyn (Digil-Mirifle):
- Minority Clans: Groups like the Somali Bantu
Clans provide social support, conflict resolution and resource allocation (e.g., grazing rights).
The xeer (customary law) governs inter-clan relations, including blood compensation (diya) for disputes.
The clan system is the backbone of Somali social organisation, blending tradition with adaptability in a challenging environment.